1. Preparations before Installation
The installation of bearings should be done in a dry and clean environment. Get all necessary parts and tools ready and be sure that they are completely cleaned.Carefully check the contact surface of shaft and housing and the processing quality of the groove and the joints. All dimensions should be conforming to the requirements and the verticality guaranteed. All contact surfaces and oil holes must be clean and smooth.
In order to avoid contamination, never unpack the bearings until all the preparation works are finished.
2. Installation
2.1.Cylindrica1 Bore Bearing
2.1.1 Heat Expansion Method:
On most occasions, the bearing needs shaft adjustment. Heat the bearing and make it swell until it may easily mount onto the shaft. The installation is quite simple. Listed below are two heating methods usually used.
a. Tank heating
b. Induction heating
Method a: Put the bearing in the oil that has a high burning point and heat it as shown in Picture 2. The oil temperature must be controlled within l21 Celsius.Actually 90 Celsius is high enough to make the bearing fully expand.
The heat source might be a flame or an electrical heater. The bearing should not contact the heat source directly. A wire mesh is usually put under 5 cm above the bottom of the oil container. And there should be a support between the bearing and the mesh. It is important that the bearing should be seperated from the heater, otherwise the hardness of the bearing will be reduced, thus affecting its performance life.
Method b: It is especially applicable to the installation of small bearings on the assembly line.This method saves time but the temperature must not exceed 93 Celsius. It is necessary to know the right time through trial installation.
2.1.2 Press-in Method:
Those small-sized bearings may be pressed into the housing through mechanic or hydraulic means as shown in Picture 3.The pressure should be put on the surface of ring. When the bearing is tight fit with the housing bore(shaft), no pressure should be put on the inner ring(outer ring), Otherwise, the working surface of the bearing will be damaged and its life shortened.
In case the bearing rings are loose fit with both the shaft and the housing bore, the inner and outer rings need to be pressed into the shaft and housing simultaneously, the installation ring should be pressed tightly against the inner and outer rings, as Picture 4 indicates.
It should be noted that the installation tube may be made of soft steel. Its inner dia. Should be slightly bigger than the bearing bore while the outer dia. Should be slightly smaller than the housing bore, grease the shaft to make the installation easier and put the bearing on it carefully, and make sure it is vertical against the main axis.
2.2. Tapered Bore Bearing
The bearing with tapered bore is always fixed under interference fit. The clearance is not like the cylindrical bore bearing, depending on the tolerance of the selected shaft, but on the distance of the bearing being pushed onto the tapered bearing neck or the tapered adapter sleeve. The starting radial clearance will decrease during the pushing process. The fit of the tapered bore bearing is determined by the distance which the bearing is forced into the tapered seat. The radial clearance of the bearing must be measured before its installation.
The measurement might go as follows. Use the thinnest plug gauge, about 0.04mm thick. Keep the bearing upright to make the inner ring parallel to the oater one. Press your thumb on the inner ring and shake it 2 or 3 times. Press down tightly to make the ring and the rolling part fixed. And fix each roller on its position. Make sure there is one roller at both sides of the top raceway. Push these two rollers inward and keep them in appropriate contact with the raceway. Put a thin gauge in between the roller and the outer side of the raceway and move it around slowly. Find a less thinner gauge and repeat the process until the gauge is too thick to move. And then the thickness of the last gauge that can be moved is the radial clearance we need to know before fixing the bearing.
During the installation, keep measuring the radial clearance until we get the required clearance reduction and the ideal fit. (Please see Table 3 for the radial clearance reduction and the recommended radial clearance.)
Picture 5 shows the process of using locknut to fix the spherical roller bearing on the tapered shaft.
Picture 6 shows the process of using sleeve to fix the spherical roller bearing.
It should be noted that the tapered surface of the main shaft must be greased prior, so that the bearing might be pushed further enough.
C.Dismantlement.
The bearing should be washed clean before installation and steadily pressed into housing by specific tools, hammer is not allowed, hitting directly on bearings is especially forbidden. When the fit of bearing outer ring and housing bore is loose, the housing bore should be mended or changing the bearing, it is not allowed to make dimples on fitting-face of bearing to make it rough or use copper sheet to make them fit tight. When disassembly, bearing should be drawn out by suitable puller, hitting bearing by chisel or hammer etc is not allowed.
D.Lubrication
Normally, lubricants for rolling bearing are oil and grease. When the circling speed of shaft is less than 4-5m/s, or a part where lubricant can’t be used, lubricating grease should be adopted. The advantage of lubricating grease is seal structure is simple, grease is not easy to lose, and not seriously subject to temperature, once added lubricating grease can be used for longer time.
Two notices should be taken when using lubricating grease, one is lubricating grease with suitable trademark should be selected according to manual instruction. For example, atrium radicel lubricating grease shouldn’t be selected for pump bearing in automobile, for its ability of waterproof is bad. The other is the amount of lubricating grease added in a bearing should be appropriate, Generally, it is suitable to fill 1/2-1/3 space of bearing, if overfilled, it is not only uselessness but to increase the resistance to motion, and make bearing hot.
The advantage of lubricating oil is small friction, emitting heat, which mainly for bearing in high speed or higher temperature working condition. The trademark of lubricating oil should be selected according to manual instruction, and oil should be changed in terms of circle of maintenance, only after discharging old oil and cleaning the mechanism, new oil can be added, oil added should be suitable.